Korene+(Feeding+Funnel)

Korene, Feeding Funnel of the Maori People [[image:http://72.5.117.144/fif=fpx/sc1/SC1605.fpx&obj=iip,1.0&wid=400&cvt=jpeg width="400" caption="Image of: Feeding funnel (korere)" link="javascript:openZoomArt(escape('Maori peoples, New Zealand 19th20th century Wood 16.5 cm (6 1/2 in.) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Gift of William E. and Bertha L. Teel 1991.1071 '),'/zoom.asp?file=SC1605.jpg&width=600&height=420&captiontitle=' escape('Feeding funnel (korere)') '&title=' escape('Feeding funnel (korere)'))"]] For link see citation 1. at the bottom.

Artist: Maori Peoples Country of Origin: New Zealand Culture/Ethnicity: Maori Date/Period: 19th-20th Century Medium:Wood, shell Measurements: 16.5 cm (6 1/2 in.) Museum accession number: 1991.1071 Current location: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Manner of display: Provenance: Ex-collection W. O. Oldman, London; Ex-collection Charles Ratton, Paris; Ex-collection James Hooper, London. Purchased from Christine Schoffel Gallery, Paris, November 1981. Given to the MFA by William and Bertha Teel in 1991.

The feeding funnel, made of wood and shell, comes from the Maori people in New Zealand. The funnel was and still is used during their tattooing rituals. The process took days and was very painful. The only way they were able to eat was through this funnel.
 * Introduction:**

Before the white man came to New Zealand all Maori stories and traditions were passed along orally to the new generations. The most recognized tradition of the Maori is a war dance called the “Haka”. The “Haka” was performed during the last century before the onset of war. Now the “Haka” is performed by New Zealand’s All Blacks rugby team before every game. A Traditional way of welcoming someone is called a powhiri and involves a hongi which is a greeting that instead of kissing they would press their noses together. The Maori also have a tradition of having full face tattoos or a moko but was usually only done to males. Females that had a moko were only allowed to have the tattoo on the chin, upper lip, and the nostrils. Today there are many Maori who are having the moko done as a way to preserve and show their culture. The Maori have a tradition in a way they cook called Hangi. That is where stones are heated in a fire that is in a dug out pit and covered in cabbage leaves or watercress in order to not burn the food. Mutton, pork, chicken, potatoes, and Kumera are lowered into the pit by a basket. The basket is then covered with a cloth and then the basket is covered by dirt to keep in the steam. It takes about three hours for the food to cook. This is still a very popular tradition and is an alternative to the regular barbeque. http://www.virtualoceania.net/newzealand/culture/maori/
 * Traditions:**

Traditional Maori tattooing, Ta Moko literally translates //to tap// or //to strike//. Moko is the tattoo design itself, the finished product. They are created by the tohunga ta moko, tattoo specialists, usually men. They use tools made of bone, called bone chisels. The name of the tool is an indication of how the tattoos are done and the kind of pain the process required. In addition the the ink being what marks the body, scarring is another aspect to consider when viewing a Maori tattoo. The legend behind the ancient tattooing told of a Maori warrior, Mataora who fell in love with Niwareka the princesses of the underworld. She agree to come to the surface to marry him but after being treated badly returned to her fathers kingdom. Mataora filled with guilt ventured to the underworld to win her back. When he arrived with war paint smudged across his face from his journey he did in fact win her back. It was then Mataora learned the art of Ta Moko from the father of his bride and the king of the underworld. The tattooing rituals begin in adolescence with the first marks being a sign of a child becoming a man, growing up. Each tattoo and mark has meaning and shows others of the persons accomplishments. The are signs of strength, courage and statues. The more tattooed a person, the stronger and more beautiful they are in the Maori culture. (Tattoo information sited from http://www.freetattoodesigns.org/maori-tattoos.html)
 * Traditional Tattoos:**

The feeding funnel is made primarily out of wood with some adornment in shell. It stands about 6.5 inches. Narrow at the bottom slowly gaining width. About 3.5 or 4 inches up the funnel bowls out forming a large oval bowl. Overall the funnel is bumpy, with areas raised and set in from the carved design. There is a smooth edge along the top edge, with some detailed carving on the sides. At each end of the oval is a head of an animal with horns and an open mouth. Below the rim an intricate design of swirls and patterns begin. The design is organic, and flowing but symmetrical on each side. With in the curvilinear lines are detailed designs, this is similar to the designs that where tattooed while the funnel was in use. The bottom of the funnel is smooth and round, this part was placed in the mouth.
 * Descriptive Analysis:**

The funnel was created to allow the high ranking Maori Chiefs to be fed pureed food while they were getting the painful tattoo on their face that took a very long time to be completed. This was due to the deep scaring and taboos of the tattooing process. The funnel allowed them to eat while recieving the tattoo but not interupt the the grueling process. The funnel which was functional was also art since the Maori had artistic traditions that were part of creating the intricate designs on the wooden funnel. The meaning of the funnel is that of power since it was used during the process of giving the tattoo to the high ranking chief. This was a piece of artwork that was created for the purpose of being used and not for display. The Maori are native to New Zealand. Their Native language is the Maoritanga. The current population of the Maori is about 250,000 in New Zealand but the majority live in the North Island where it is warmer. Maori legend says that they originally came from "Hawaiki" their legendary homeland about 1,000 years ago.When they came to Aotearoa (New Zealand) they saw a place with volcanoes erupting and mountains with snow on them. Aoteraroa is the Maori name for New Zealand and means land of the long white cloud. The Maori were known as a group of people that were in poor health and were often getting with serious illnesses such as tuberculosis. When these illnesses came in contact with the Maori population it was spread and would kill many people causing the population to fall. During the late 1800's the government was trying to take or buy the Maori land and was greatly impacting the culture. The Maori did however adapt well and still currently carry out the traditions their ancestors did. Although they still carry out past traditions many of the ways such as their art is influenced by the spread of research and interest in the pacific arts in the mid 1900's.
 * Formal and Contextual Analysis:**

The Maori people are indigenous to New Zealand off the coast of Australia. www.kidskonnect.com/ content/view/325/27/
 * Country and Origin**


 * Sources:**

OnlineSources: 1. http://www.mfa.org/collections/search_art.asp?recview=true&id=4715&coll_keywords=feeding+funnel&coll_accession=&coll_name=&coll_artist=&coll_place=&coll_medium=&coll_culture=&coll_classification=&coll_credit=&coll_provenance=&coll_location=&coll_has_images=&coll_on_view=&coll_sort=0&coll_sort_order=0&coll_view=0&coll_package=0&coll_start=1 -Where the image was found and some information gatherd about the funnel itself

2. http://www.virtualoceania.net/newzealand/culture/maori/ -Gave information about the culture of the Maori people

3. http://www.newzealandnz.co.nz/maori/ -Gave information about the history of the Maori people

4. http://www.freetattoodesigns.org/maori-tattoos.html -Tattoo information

Printed Sources:

Book Lange, Raeburn. //May the People Live//. //A History of Maori Health Development 1900-1920//. Auckland, New Zealand University Press 1999 -Information about the health of the Maori people throughout the years.

Book Belich, James. //Paradise Reforged.// University of Hawai'i Press 2001 -Talks about the government buying land from the Maori and the affect on the people

Book Gathercole,Peter. //'Te Maori' in the longer view.// University of Hawai'i Press 2000 -Information about the modern study of the pacific arts and the impact of it.

Book Franklin, Sharon. //Southwest Pacific.// Austin, Tex. : Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 2000. - Historical, cultural and ritual information.

Book

Herle, Anita, Nick Stanley, Karen Stevenson and Robert L. Welsch. //Pacific Art Persistence, Change and Meaning//, C. Hurst & Co. 2002 -Information on tattoo ritual and culture.